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Carbon and its Compounds — Class 10 CBSE Science MCQs with Solutions
Free Class 10 CBSE Science Carbon and its Compounds MCQs with step-by-step solutions. Practise online on Prepizo — no login needed.
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — easy
Carbon forms a vast number of compounds primarily due to its unique property of self-linking called:
A. Tetravalency
B. Catenation ✓ Correct
C. Isomerism
D. Polymerization
Solution: Catenation is the ability of carbon to form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
Q2 — easy
Hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond are called:
A. Saturated hydrocarbons
B. Unsaturated hydrocarbons ✓ Correct
C. Alkanes
D. Cycloalkanes
Solution: Alkenes (=) and Alkynes (≡) are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Q3 — easy
General formula of Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) is:
A. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ ✓ Correct
B. CₙH₂ₙ
C. CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
D. CₙH₂ₙ₊₁
Solution: Alkanes follow CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
Q4 — easy
General formula of Alkenes (containing C=C double bond) is:
A. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
B. CₙH₂ₙ ✓ Correct
C. CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
D. CₙH₂ₙ₋₁
Solution: Alkenes follow CₙH₂ₙ.
Q5 — easy
General formula of Alkynes (containing C≡C triple bond) is:
A. CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
B. CₙH₂ₙ
C. CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ ✓ Correct
D. CₙH₂ₙ₊₁
Solution: Alkynes follow CₙH₂ₙ₋₂.
Q6 — easy
Functional group present in Propanone (Acetone) is:
A. Alcohol (-OH)
B. Aldehyde (-CHO)
C. Ketone (>C=O) ✓ Correct
D. Carboxylic acid (-COOH)
Solution: Propanone is a ketone with >C=O group.
Q7 — easy
IUPAC name of CH₃COOH (Ethanoic acid) is commonly called:
A. Formic acid
B. Acetic acid ✓ Correct
C. Propionic acid
D. Butyric acid
Solution: Ethanoic acid is commercially known as acetic acid.
Q8 — easy
5-8% solution of acetic acid in water is sold commercially as:
A. Rectified spirit
B. Vinegar ✓ Correct
C. Absolute alcohol
D. Formalin
Solution: Vinegar is 5-8% aqueous acetic acid.
Q9 — easy
Ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in presence of acid catalyst to form a sweet-smelling ester called:
A. Ethyl ethanoate ✓ Correct
B. Methyl ethanoate
C. Sodium ethanoate
D. Ethanal
Solution: Esterification: CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH → CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O.
Q10 — easy
Saponification is the alkaline hydrolysis of an ester using NaOH to produce glycerol and:
A. Alcohol
B. Soap (Sodium salt of fatty acid) ✓ Correct
C. Detergent
D. Acid
Solution: Saponification yields soap and alcohol.
Q11 — easy
Unsaturated vegetable oils are converted into saturated vanaspati ghee by adding hydrogen gas in presence of catalyst:
A. Copper
B. Nickel / Palladium ✓ Correct
C. Iron
D. Zinc
Solution: Hydrogenation uses Ni/Pd catalysts.
Q12 — easy
Cleansing action of soap involves formation of spherical clusters called micelles, where hydrocarbon tail points:
A. Outward toward water
B. Inward toward oil/dirt drop ✓ Correct
C. Dissolves in water
D. Forms gas
Solution: Hydrophobic tail interacts with grease/oil at the micelle center.
Q13 — easy
Soaps form insoluble curdy white precipitate (scum) in hard water due to presence of dissolved salts of:
A. Sodium and Potassium
B. Calcium and Magnesium ✓ Correct
C. Iron and Zinc
D. Copper and Lead
Solution: Hard water Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions precipitate soap molecules.
Q14 — easy
Synthetic detergents are superior to soaps because they form lather in:
A. Soft water only
B. Both soft water and hard water ✓ Correct
C. Cold water only
D. Saline water only
Solution: Detergents do not form insoluble precipitates with Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ ions.
Q15 — easy
Compounds having same molecular formula but different structural arrangements are called:
A. Isotopes
B. Structural Isomers ✓ Correct
C. Allotropes
D. Homologues
Solution: Structural isomers possess identical molecular formulas with varied carbon frameworks.