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Cell Biology & Tissues — Homi Bhabha Exam Biology MCQs with Solutions
Free Homi Bhabha Exam Biology Cell Biology & Tissues MCQs with step-by-step solutions covering Cell Organelles, Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells, Plant vs Animal Cells, Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis), Plant & Animal Tissues. Practise online on Prepizo — no login needed.
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — Cell Organelles · hard · theory
The site of protein synthesis in a cell is the:
A. vacuole
B. chloroplast
C. lysosome
D. ribosome ✓ Correct
Solution: Ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins.
Q2 — Cell Organelles · hard · theory
The green organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs is the:
A. ribosome
B. nucleus
C. chloroplast ✓ Correct
D. mitochondrion
Solution: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
Q3 — Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells · hard · theory
A key feature of eukaryotic cells that prokaryotic cells lack is:
A. genetic material
B. membrane-bound organelles and a true nucleus ✓ Correct
C. cytoplasm
D. a cell membrane
Solution: Eukaryotes have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not.
Q4 — Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells · hard · theory
In a prokaryotic cell, the genetic material (DNA) is:
A. found only in mitochondria
B. not enclosed by a nuclear membrane ✓ Correct
C. enclosed in a true nucleus
D. absent
Solution: Prokaryotic DNA lies free in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid, with no nuclear membrane.
Q5 — Plant vs Animal Cells · hard · theory
Chloroplasts are found in:
A. animal cells only
B. neither
C. plant cells only ✓ Correct
D. both plant and animal cells
Solution: Only plant (and some protist) cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
Q6 — Plant vs Animal Cells · hard · theory
Which cell would you expect to have a fixed, rectangular shape?
A. An amoeba
B. An animal cell
C. A white blood cell
D. A plant cell (because of its cell wall) ✓ Correct
Solution: The rigid cell wall gives plant cells a fixed, often rectangular shape.
Q7 — Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis) · hard · theory
The type of cell division that produces four cells with half the chromosome number, used to form gametes, is:
A. regeneration
B. meiosis ✓ Correct
C. mitosis
D. binary fission
Solution: Meiosis is a reduction division producing four cells with half the chromosomes (gametes).
Q8 — Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis) · hard · theory
Meiosis is called a reduction division because it:
A. keeps the number the same
B. removes the nucleus
C. halves the chromosome number ✓ Correct
D. doubles the chromosome number
Solution: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number to half, which is restored at fertilisation.
Q9 — Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis) · hard · theory
Meiosis takes place in the ______ organs to produce gametes:
A. excretory
B. digestive
C. reproductive ✓ Correct
D. respiratory
Solution: Meiosis occurs in reproductive organs to form sex cells (gametes).
Q10 — Plant & Animal Tissues · hard · theory
The plant tissue responsible for growth in length, found at the tips of roots and shoots, is:
A. nervous tissue
B. meristematic tissue ✓ Correct
C. muscular tissue
D. permanent tissue
Solution: Meristematic tissue consists of actively dividing cells that make the plant grow.
Q11 — Plant & Animal Tissues · hard · theory
Blood is classified as which type of animal tissue?
A. nervous tissue
B. muscular tissue
C. epithelial tissue
D. connective tissue ✓ Correct
Solution: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transports substances around the body.
Q12 — Plant & Animal Tissues · hard · theory
The tissue that receives and conducts electrical impulses in animals is:
A. connective tissue
B. xylem
C. nervous tissue ✓ Correct
D. epithelial tissue
Solution: Nervous tissue (neurons) carries impulses to coordinate body activities.
Q13 — Cell Organelles · medium · theory
The basic structural and functional unit of life is the:
A. molecule
B. tissue
C. cell ✓ Correct
D. organ
Solution: The cell is the smallest unit that can carry out all life processes.
Q14 — Cell Organelles · medium · theory
The organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell" is the:
A. nucleus
B. vacuole
C. ribosome
D. mitochondrion ✓ Correct
Solution: Mitochondria release energy (ATP) through respiration, so they are called the powerhouse of the cell.
Q15 — Cell Organelles · medium · theory
The organelle that controls all the activities of the cell is the:
A. nucleus ✓ Correct
B. mitochondrion
C. cytoplasm
D. cell membrane
Solution: The nucleus directs cell activities and contains the genetic material.
Q16 — Cell Organelles · medium · theory
The scientist who first observed and named cells (in cork) was:
A. Charles Darwin
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Robert Hooke ✓ Correct
D. Gregor Mendel
Solution: Robert Hooke observed cork cells under a microscope in 1665 and coined the term "cell".
Q17 — Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells · medium · theory
A cell that lacks a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus is called:
A. somatic
B. multicellular
C. prokaryotic ✓ Correct
D. eukaryotic
Solution: Prokaryotic cells have no true nucleus; their genetic material lies free in the cytoplasm.
Q18 — Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells · medium · theory
Bacteria are examples of:
A. eukaryotic organisms
B. fungi
C. viruses
D. prokaryotic organisms ✓ Correct
Solution: Bacteria are prokaryotes — they lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Q19 — Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells · medium · theory
Which of the following has eukaryotic cells?
A. A blue-green alga (cyanobacterium)
B. None of these
C. A plant ✓ Correct
D. A bacterium
Solution: Plants (and animals, fungi, protists) are eukaryotes; bacteria and cyanobacteria are prokaryotes.
Q20 — Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells · medium · theory
Compared with eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells are generally:
A. always multicellular
B. smaller and simpler ✓ Correct
C. without any DNA
D. larger and more complex
Solution: Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller and structurally simpler than eukaryotic cells.
Q21 — Plant vs Animal Cells · medium · theory
A structure present in plant cells but absent in animal cells is the:
A. nucleus
B. cell wall ✓ Correct
C. cell membrane
D. mitochondrion
Solution: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall outside the membrane; animal cells do not.
Q22 — Plant vs Animal Cells · medium · theory
The plant cell wall is made mainly of:
A. chitin
B. fat
C. cellulose ✓ Correct
D. protein
Solution: The plant cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose, giving the cell rigidity.
Q23 — Plant vs Animal Cells · medium · theory
A large central vacuole is a typical feature of:
A. red blood cells
B. animal cells
C. bacterial cells only
D. plant cells ✓ Correct
Solution: Mature plant cells usually have one large central vacuole; animal cells have small or no vacuoles.
Q24 — Plant vs Animal Cells · medium · theory
Which of the following is found in animal cells but usually absent in higher plant cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Centrosome (centrioles) ✓ Correct
C. Cell membrane
D. Cytoplasm
Solution: Centrioles (centrosome) are typically present in animal cells and absent in most plant cells.
Q25 — Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis) · medium · theory
The type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells for growth and repair is:
A. meiosis
B. budding
C. mitosis ✓ Correct
D. fission only
Solution: Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair.
Q26 — Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis) · medium · theory
Mitosis keeps the chromosome number of daughter cells:
A. zero
B. half of the parent cell
C. the same as the parent cell ✓ Correct
D. double the parent cell
Solution: Mitosis conserves the chromosome number, giving each daughter cell the same number as the parent.
Q27 — Cell Division (Mitosis/Meiosis) · medium · theory
Mitosis mainly occurs in the ______ cells of the body:
A. dead
B. bacterial
C. reproductive (gamete)
D. somatic (body) ✓ Correct
Solution: Mitosis takes place in body (somatic) cells for growth and repair.
Q28 — Plant & Animal Tissues · medium · theory
A group of similar cells performing a particular function is called a:
A. organ
B. tissue ✓ Correct
C. cell
D. organ system
Solution: A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together for a specific function.
Q29 — Plant & Animal Tissues · medium · theory
In plants, water is transported from the roots to the leaves by:
A. phloem
B. cambium
C. epidermis
D. xylem ✓ Correct
Solution: Xylem conducts water and minerals upward; phloem transports food.
Q30 — Plant & Animal Tissues · medium · theory
The animal tissue that covers the body surface and lines internal organs is:
A. epithelial tissue ✓ Correct
B. nervous tissue
C. connective tissue
D. muscular tissue
Solution: Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings.