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Chemistry - 3 — MH-CET Full Length Paper MCQs with Solutions
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — easy
In a body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cell of edge length $a$, the atomic radius $r$ of the constituent sphere is:
A. $\frac{a}{2}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{2}a}{4}$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{4}$ ✓ Correct
D. $\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{2}$
Solution: In a BCC unit cell, atoms touch along the body diagonal of length $\sqrt{3}a$: $4r = \sqrt{3}a \implies r = \frac{\sqrt{3}a}{4}$.
Q2 — easy
During the complete adiabatic and reversible expansion of an ideal gas, which of the following thermodynamic state functions remains strictly zero?
A. $\Delta U$
B. $q_{\text{rev}}$ ✓ Correct
C. $w_{\text{rev}}$
D. $\Delta H$
Solution: By definition of an adiabatic process, there is zero heat exchanged between the system and its surroundings: $q = 0$.
Q3 — easy
For a pseudo-first-order reaction, the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl acetate: $\text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$, the order with respect to water is experimentally found to be:
A. One
B. Two
C. Zero ✓ Correct
D. Half
Solution: Water is present in vast stoichiometric excess; its concentration remains virtually unchanged, making its effective order zero in the rate equation.
Q4 — easy
The basicity of orthophosphoric acid ($\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$) and phosphorus acid ($\text{H}_3\text{PO}_3$) are respectively:
A. 3 and 3
B. 3 and 2 ✓ Correct
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 and 2
Solution: $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$ has three P-OH bonds (tribasic, 3). $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_3$ has two P-OH bonds and one non-ionizable P-H bond (dibasic, 2).
Q5 — easy
Which of the following transition metal ions in aqueous solution is colourless due to the absence of $d$-$d$ electron transitions?
A. $\text{Ti}^{3+}$
B. $\text{V}^{3+}$
C. $\text{Sc}^{3+}$ ✓ Correct
D. $\text{Cr}^{3+}$
Solution: $\text{Sc}^{3+}$ has configuration $[\text{Ar}]\,3d^0$. With no $d$-electrons, $d$-$d$ optical transitions cannot occur, leaving aqueous solutions colourless.
Q6 — easy
The catalytic activity of transition elements and their compounds is primarily attributed to their:
A. High enthalpy of atomization
B. Variable oxidation states and vacant $d$-orbitals ✓ Correct
C. Large ionic radii
D. Diamagnetic ground state
Solution: Transition metals act as versatile catalysts due to their ability to adopt multiple stable oxidation states and provide vacant $(n-1)d$ orbitals for reactant complexation.
Q7 — easy
The type of structural isomerism exhibited by the pair $[\text{Co}(\text{NH}_3)_5(\text{SO}_4)]\text{Br}$ and $[\text{Co}(\text{NH}_3)_5\text{Br}]\text{SO}_4$ is:
A. Linkage isomerism
B. Ionization isomerism ✓ Correct
C. Coordination isomerism
D. Hydrate isomerism
Solution: The pair yields different ions when dissolved in water ($\text{Br}^-$ vs $\text{SO}_4^{2-}$), exemplifying ionization isomerism.
Q8 — easy
In the polarimeter test, an equimolar mixture of $(+)$ and $(-)$ enantiomers exhibiting zero optical rotation is known as a:
A. Meso compound
B. Racemic mixture ✓ Correct
C. Diastereomer
D. Conformer
Solution: A 1:1 equimolar mixture of $(+)$ and $(-)$ enantiomers cancels optical rotation through external compensation; such a system is termed a racemic mixture.
Q9 — easy
When isopropyl alcohol is passed over heated copper catalyst ($\text{Cu}$) at $573\text{ K}$, the product obtained is:
A. Propene
B. Propanal
C. Propanone (Acetone) ✓ Correct
D. Propanoic acid
Solution: Dehydrogenation of a secondary alcohol over hot copper at $573\text{ K}$ yields a ketone: isopropyl alcohol $\to$ acetone + H$_2$.
Q10 — easy
The reaction of sodium ethoxide with ethyl bromide to form diethyl ether is known as:
A. Wurtz reaction
B. Kolbe's synthesis
C. Williamson ether synthesis ✓ Correct
D. Fittig reaction
Solution: The reaction of an alkoxide ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{O}^-\text{Na}^+$) with a primary alkyl halide via S$_N$2 displacement to synthesize ethers is the Williamson ether synthesis.
Q11 — easy
Oxidation of toluene with chromyl chloride ($\text{CrO}_2\text{Cl}_2$) in $\text{CS}_2$ followed by acidic hydrolysis gives benzaldehyde. This reaction is:
A. Stephen reaction
B. Etard reaction ✓ Correct
C. Gattermann-Koch reaction
D. Rosenmund reduction
Solution: Controlled oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde using chromyl chloride in carbon disulfide via a chromium complex intermediate is the Etard reaction.
Q12 — easy
Reduction of methyl cyanide ($\text{CH}_3\text{CN}$) with stannous chloride ($\text{SnCl}_2$) and concentrated $\text{HCl}$ followed by steam distillation yields ethanal. This is:
A. Stephen reaction ✓ Correct
B. Mendius reaction
C. Etard reaction
D. Clemmensen reduction
Solution: Partial reduction of a nitrile with $\text{SnCl}_2/\text{HCl}$ to an aldimine hydrochloride followed by hydrolysis to an aldehyde is the Stephen reaction.
Q13 — easy
Which of the following organic carbonyl compounds will give a positive silver mirror test with Tollens' reagent?
A. Acetone
B. Benzophenone
C. Acetaldehyde ✓ Correct
D. Acetophenone
Solution: Tollens' reagent oxidizes aldehydes (such as acetaldehyde) to carboxylic acids with a silver mirror; ketones do not react.
Q14 — easy
When calcium acetate is subjected to dry distillation, the principal organic product obtained is:
A. Formaldehyde
B. Acetaldehyde
C. Acetone ✓ Correct
D. Acetic acid
Solution: Dry pyrolysis of calcium acetate yields acetone and calcium carbonate: $(\text{CH}_3\text{COO})_2\text{Ca} \xrightarrow{\Delta} \text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_3 + \text{CaCO}_3$.
Q15 — easy
Reaction of an aliphatic aldehyde with hydrazine ($\text{NH}_2\text{NH}_2$) followed by heating with $\text{KOH}$ in ethylene glycol to produce an alkane is:
A. Clemmensen reduction
B. Wolff-Kishner reduction ✓ Correct
C. Rosenmund reduction
D. Aldol condensation
Solution: Deoxygenation of a carbonyl compound to an alkane via hydrazone formation using hydrazine and base ($\text{KOH}$) in hot glycol is the Wolff-Kishner reduction.
Q16 — easy
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is exclusively employed for the laboratory preparation of:
A. Pure primary aliphatic amines ✓ Correct
B. Pure aromatic primary amines
C. Secondary aliphatic amines
D. Tertiary amines
Solution: Gabriel synthesis uses potassium phthalimide to react with aliphatic primary alkyl halides via S$_N$2, exclusively yielding pure primary aliphatic amines.
Q17 — easy
When a primary aliphatic amine is heated with chloroform and alcoholic $\text{KOH}$, a foul-smelling substance is produced. This reaction is the:
A. Hinsberg test
B. Carbylamine test ✓ Correct
C. Schotten-Baumann reaction
D. Liebermann nitroso test
Solution: Primary amines react with chloroform and hot alcoholic KOH to form extremely foul-smelling carbylamines (isocyanides). This is the carbylamine (isocyanide) test.
Q18 — easy
Aniline undergoes bromination with bromine water ($\text{Br}_2/\text{H}_2\text{O}$) at room temperature to precipitate white crystals of:
A. $p$-Bromoaniline
B. $o$-Bromoaniline
C. 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline ✓ Correct
D. 2,4-Dibromoaniline
Solution: The amino group ($-\text{NH}_2$) powerfully activates the benzene ring via resonance. Bromine water induces attack at all ortho and para positions, precipitating 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.
Q19 — easy
The spontaneous gradual change in the specific optical rotation of an optically active sugar dissolved in water until equilibrium is reached is called:
A. Inversion
B. Mutarotation ✓ Correct
C. Optical resolution
D. Racemization
Solution: Mutarotation is the spontaneous interconversion between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ anomers of a sugar through open-chain intermediates until an equilibrium optical rotation is established.
Q20 — easy
Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble and excreted continuously in urine?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C ✓ Correct
D. Vitamin K
Solution: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and B-complex vitamins are water-soluble and cannot be stored in the body in large quantities; they are eliminated in urine.
Q21 — easy
The building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides, are composed of:
A. Nitrogenous base + Phosphoric acid
B. Nitrogenous base + Pentose sugar
C. Nitrogenous base + Pentose sugar + Phosphoric acid ✓ Correct
D. Amino acid + Pentose sugar
Solution: A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and one or more esterified phosphoric acid residues.
Q22 — easy
Dacron (Terylene) is a synthetic polymer prepared by the condensation of ethylene glycol with:
A. Phthalic acid
B. Terephthalic acid ✓ Correct
C. Adipic acid
D. Maleic acid
Solution: Dacron is formed via polycondensation of terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) with ethylene glycol.
Q23 — easy
During the vulcanization of natural rubber, raw rubber is heated with sulfur to introduce:
A. Hydrogen bonds
B. Cross-linked disulfide bonds ✓ Correct
C. Ionic coordinate linkages
D. Polyamide bridges
Solution: Heating raw rubber with sulfur introduces transverse sulfur cross-linking bridges across reactive allylic double bonds, enhancing stiffness and elasticity.
Q24 — easy
Neoprene, a synthetic rubber resistant to oils and chemicals, is a polymer of:
A. Isoprene
B. Chloroprene ✓ Correct
C. 1,3-Butadiene
D. Styrene
Solution: Polymerization of chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) gives the synthetic elastomer neoprene.
Q25 — easy
Which of the following acts as a chain growth (addition) homopolymer?
A. Teflon (PTFE) ✓ Correct
B. Nylon-6,6
C. Bakelite
D. Dacron
Solution: Teflon is synthesized via free-radical addition homopolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene: $n(\text{CF}_2=\text{CF}_2) \to [\text{-CF}_2\text{-CF}_2\text{-}]_n$.
Q26 — easy
In Green Chemistry, environmental impact factor ($E$-factor) is mathematically defined as:
A. Mass of target product / Mass of total waste
B. Mass of total waste produced / Mass of target product ✓ Correct
C. Moles of reactant / Moles of product
D. Mass of catalyst / Mass of solvent
Solution: E-factor $= \frac{\text{Total mass of waste produced}}{\text{Mass of final target product}}$.
Q27 — easy
The diameter range of particles classified within the nanoscale in nanomaterial chemistry is:
A. $1\text{ to }100\text{ nm}$ ✓ Correct
B. $100\text{ to }500\text{ nm}$
C. $0.01\text{ to }0.1\text{ nm}$
D. $1\text{ to }10\text{ \AA}$
Solution: Nanoscale particles are defined as materials featuring at least one dimension spanning $1$ to $100\text{ nm}$.
Q28 — easy
The molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving $4.0\text{ g}$ of $\text{NaOH}$ in water to make exactly $250\text{ mL}$ of solution is:
A. $0.1\text{ M}$
B. $0.2\text{ M}$
C. $0.4\text{ M}$ ✓ Correct
D. $1.0\text{ M}$
Solution: Moles of NaOH $= 4.0/40 = 0.1\text{ mol}$. Volume $= 0.25\text{ L}$. Molarity $= 0.1/0.25 = 0.4\text{ M}$.
Q29 — easy
The number of radial nodes present in a $3p$ atomic orbital is equal to ($n - l - 1$):
A. Zero
B. 1 ✓ Correct
C. 2
D. 3
Solution: For $3p$: $n = 3$, $l = 1$. Radial nodes $= n - l - 1 = 3 - 1 - 1 = 1$.
Q30 — easy
According to Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), the bond order of diatomic oxygen molecule ($\text{O}_2$) is:
A. 1.0
B. 1.5
C. 2.0 ✓ Correct
D. 2.5
Solution: In $\text{O}_2$ (16 electrons): Bond Order $= (N_b - N_a)/2 = (10 - 6)/2 = 2.0$.