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Physics - 5 — MH-CET Full Length Paper MCQs with Solutions
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — easy
A stretched wire of length $1\text{ m}$ vibrates in its fundamental mode at $250\text{ Hz}$. The velocity of transverse waves along the wire is:
A. $250\text{ m/s}$
B. $500\text{ m/s}$ ✓ Correct
C. $125\text{ m/s}$
D. $1000\text{ m/s}$
Solution: Fundamental: $\lambda = 2L = 2\text{ m}$. Wave speed $v = f\lambda = 250 \times 2 = 500\text{ m/s}$.
Q2 — easy
An open organ pipe of length $L_1$ and a closed organ pipe of length $L_2$ have the same fundamental frequency. The ratio $L_1 / L_2$ (neglecting end corrections) is:
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1 ✓ Correct
C. 1 : 4
D. 4 : 1
Solution: Open: $f = v/(2L_1)$. Closed: $f = v/(4L_2)$. Equating: $2L_1 = 4L_2 \implies L_1/L_2 = 2$.
Q3 — easy
In Young's double-slit experiment, if monochromatic red light ($\lambda = 700\text{ nm}$) is replaced by violet light ($\lambda = 400\text{ nm}$), then:
A. Fringes become wider and brighter
B. Fringes become narrower and closer together ✓ Correct
C. Central fringe becomes dark
D. Interference fringes disappear entirely
Solution: Fringe width $\beta = \lambda D/d$. Smaller $\lambda$ gives narrower fringes.
Q4 — easy
Two long parallel straight conductors carrying currents $I_1$ and $I_2$ in opposite directions separated by distance $d$ exert on each other a force per unit length that is:
A. Attractive and proportional to $1/d$
B. Repulsive and proportional to $1/d$ ✓ Correct
C. Attractive and proportional to $1/d^2$
D. Repulsive and proportional to $1/d^2$
Solution: Anti-parallel currents repel with force per unit length $f = \mu_0 I_1 I_2/(2\pi d) \propto 1/d$.
Q5 — easy
The magnetic susceptibility of a diamagnetic substance is:
A. Small and positive
B. Large and positive
C. Small and negative ✓ Correct
D. Independent of temperature and positive
Solution: Diamagnetic materials have weak, negative susceptibility ($\chi < 0$), independent of temperature.
Q6 — easy
An inductor of $5\text{ H}$ carries a steady current of $2\text{ A}$. The magnetic field energy stored within the inductor is:
A. $5\text{ J}$
B. $10\text{ J}$ ✓ Correct
C. $20\text{ J}$
D. $2.5\text{ J}$
Solution: $U = \frac{1}{2}LI^2 = \frac{1}{2}(5)(4) = 10\text{ J}$.
Q7 — easy
In an electromagnetic wave traveling along the $+x$-direction, the electric field oscillates along the $y$-axis. The magnetic field vector $\vec{B}$ oscillates along the:
A. $+x$-axis
B. $+z$-axis ✓ Correct
C. $-y$-axis
D. Arbitrary direction
Solution: $\vec{S} \propto \vec{E} \times \vec{B}$. Since $\hat{i} = \hat{j} \times \hat{k}$, $\vec{B}$ oscillates along $+z$-axis.
Q8 — easy
In a half-wave rectifier supplied with an AC line frequency of $50\text{ Hz}$, the fundamental ripple frequency in the rectified output is:
A. $25\text{ Hz}$
B. $50\text{ Hz}$ ✓ Correct
C. $100\text{ Hz}$
D. Zero
Solution: Half-wave rectifier passes one pulse per cycle; ripple frequency equals line frequency ($50\text{ Hz}$).
Q9 — easy
A solar cell generates electrical energy from light by utilizing:
A. Thermionic emission under dark current
B. Photovoltaic effect across a p-n junction ✓ Correct
C. Secondary electron emission
D. Peltier effect at semiconductor contacts
Solution: Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect: photons create electron-hole pairs separated by the junction field.
Q10 — easy
The universal logic gate among the following that produces a low output ($0$) only when all inputs are high ($1$) is:
A. NOR
B. NAND ✓ Correct
C. XOR
D. AND
Solution: NAND gate: $Y = \overline{A \cdot B}$, output is 0 only when all inputs are 1.
Q11 — easy
Two waves of equal amplitude $A$ and angular frequency $\omega$ travel along opposite directions on a string to form a standing wave. The amplitude of vibration at an antinode is:
A. $A$
B. $2A$ ✓ Correct
C. $A/2$
D. $4A$
Solution: Superposition of two counter-propagating waves of amplitude $A$ gives antinodal amplitude $2A$.
Q12 — easy
A bar magnet of magnetic moment $M$ is cut along its length into two identical halves. The magnetic moment of each half is:
A. $M$
B. $M/2$ ✓ Correct
C. $M/4$
D. $2M$
Solution: Cutting along length halves pole strength while keeping magnetic length constant; moment becomes $M/2$.
Q13 — easy
In an n-type semiconductor at room temperature, the concentration of majority carriers is predominantly determined by the:
A. Concentration of donor impurity atoms ✓ Correct
B. Rate of intrinsic thermal generation
C. Valence band electron transitions
D. Ambient humidity and illumination
Solution: Donor atom ionization controls majority carrier (electron) concentration in n-type semiconductors.
Q14 — hard
A vehicle of mass $m$ travels on a rough banked curve of radius $r$ banked at an angle $\theta$ with coefficient of friction $\mu$. The minimum safe speed $v_{\min}$ to prevent slipping down the incline is:
A. $\sqrt{rg\left(\frac{\tan\theta - \mu}{1 + \mu\tan\theta}\right)}$ ✓ Correct
B. $\sqrt{rg\left(\frac{\tan\theta + \mu}{1 - \mu\tan\theta}\right)}$
C. $\sqrt{rg(\tan\theta - \mu)}$
D. $\sqrt{rg\tan\theta}$
Solution: For minimum speed without down-slope skidding, friction acts up the bank. Solving gives $v_{\min} = \sqrt{rg\left(\frac{\tan\theta - \mu}{1 + \mu\tan\theta}\right)}$.
Q15 — hard
A particle moves in a horizontal circle of radius $r = 2\text{ m}$ under a central force $F = -k/r^2$. If the kinetic energy of the particle is $10\text{ J}$, the magnitude of the angular momentum of the particle of mass $m = 0.5\text{ kg}$ is:
A. $3.16\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$
B. $6.32\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$ ✓ Correct
C. $10\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$
D. $20\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$
Solution: $K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 = 10 \implies v^2 = 40 \implies v = \sqrt{40}$. $L = mvr = (0.5)(\sqrt{40})(2) = \sqrt{40} \approx 6.32\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$.
Q16 — hard
Two glass plates separated by a thin water film of thickness $d = 0.1\text{ mm}$ over an area $A = 10\text{ cm}^2$ require a pulling force $F$ to pull apart. If surface tension of water is $0.07\text{ N/m}$, then $F$ is:
A. $1.4\text{ N}$ ✓ Correct
B. $0.7\text{ N}$
C. $2.8\text{ N}$
D. $14\text{ N}$
Solution: Excess pressure $\Delta P = 2T/d$. Force $F = \Delta P \times A = \frac{2(0.07)(10 \times 10^{-4})}{0.1 \times 10^{-3}} = 1.4\text{ N}$.
Q17 — hard
Two containers $A$ and $B$ have equal volumes and hold an ideal gas at temperatures $300\text{ K}$ and $400\text{ K}$ and pressures $2\text{ atm}$ and $1\text{ atm}$ respectively. When connected by a narrow tube of negligible volume, the final common pressure at constant temperature is:
A. $1.5\text{ atm}$
B. $1.43\text{ atm}$
C. $1.6\text{ atm}$
D. $1.71\text{ atm}$ ✓ Correct
Solution: Total moles conserved. $P_f = \frac{T_f}{2}\left[\frac{P_1}{T_1} + \frac{P_2}{T_2}\right] \approx 1.71\text{ atm}$.
Q18 — hard
In a meter bridge experiment, null point is found at $60\text{ cm}$ from the left edge. When a shunt of $10\,\Omega$ is connected across the resistance in the right gap, the null point shifts to $75\text{ cm}$. The original resistance in the right gap was:
A. $5\,\Omega$ ✓ Correct
B. $10\,\Omega$
C. $15\,\Omega$
D. $20\,\Omega$
Solution: $P/Q = 60/40 = 1.5$. After shunt: $P/Q' = 75/25 = 3$. Solving: $1.5Q = 3 \times 10Q/(10+Q) \implies Q = 5\,\Omega$ (with $P = 7.5\,\Omega$).
Q19 — hard
An electron and a photon each possess a wavelength of $1.0\text{ nm}$. The ratio of the photon's kinetic energy to the electron's kinetic energy is ($m_e = 9.1 \times 10^{-31}\text{ kg}$):
A. 1 : 1
B. 820 : 1 ✓ Correct
C. 1 : 820
D. 410 : 1
Solution: $E_{\text{photon}} = hc/\lambda$. $K_e = h^2/(2m_e\lambda^2)$. Ratio $= 2m_e c\lambda/h \approx 820$.
Q20 — hard
A metal ball of surface area $200\text{ cm}^2$ at temperature $527^\circ\text{C}$ is placed in an evacuated enclosure at $27^\circ\text{C}$. Taking emissivity $e = 0.5$ and $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8}\text{ W}\cdot\text{m}^{-2}\cdot\text{K}^{-4}$, the net rate of radiative heat loss is approximately:
A. $232\text{ W}$ ✓ Correct
B. $465\text{ W}$
C. $116\text{ W}$
D. $930\text{ W}$
Solution: $P = e\sigma A(T^4 - T_0^4)$. $T = 800\text{ K}$, $T_0 = 300\text{ K}$, $A = 0.02\text{ m}^2$. $P \approx 232\text{ W}$.
Q21 — hard
A sound source moves away from a stationary observer towards a cliff with speed $v_s = 20\text{ m/s}$ while emitting sound of frequency $600\text{ Hz}$. If speed of sound is $340\text{ m/s}$, the frequency of the echo heard by the observer reflected from the cliff is:
A. $566.7\text{ Hz}$
B. $637.5\text{ Hz}$ ✓ Correct
C. $600\text{ Hz}$
D. $675\text{ Hz}$
Solution: Cliff receives: $f' = 600 \times 340/(340-20) = 600 \times 340/320 = 637.5\text{ Hz}$. Cliff reflects at this frequency to stationary observer.
Q22 — hard
A convex lens of focal length $f = 20\text{ cm}$ in air ($\mu_g = 1.5$) is completely immersed in water ($\mu_w = 4/3$). The new focal length of the lens in water is:
A. $40\text{ cm}$
B. $60\text{ cm}$
C. $80\text{ cm}$ ✓ Correct
D. $20\text{ cm}$
Solution: In air: $1/f_a = (\mu_g - 1)K = 0.5K$. In water: $1/f_w = (\mu_g/\mu_w - 1)K = (9/8 - 1)K = K/8$. $f_w/f_a = 0.5/(1/8) = 4$. $f_w = 80\text{ cm}$.
Q23 — medium
A solid sphere of mass $M$ and radius $R$ rolls without slipping down an incline. The fraction of its total kinetic energy that resides in rotational motion is:
A. $2/7$ ✓ Correct
B. $5/7$
C. $2/5$
D. $1/2$
Solution: For solid sphere, $k^2/R^2 = 2/5$. Rotational fraction $= \frac{k^2/R^2}{1 + k^2/R^2} = \frac{2/5}{7/5} = 2/7$.
Q24 — medium
Air streams horizontally past an airplane wing such that speed over the top surface is $70\text{ m/s}$ and past the bottom surface is $60\text{ m/s}$. If air density is $1.3\text{ kg/m}^3$ and wing area is $20\text{ m}^2$, the dynamic lift force is:
A. $8450\text{ N}$
B. $16900\text{ N}$ ✓ Correct
C. $33800\text{ N}$
D. $4225\text{ N}$
Solution: Bernoulli: $\Delta P = \frac{1}{2}\rho(v_1^2 - v_2^2) = \frac{1}{2}(1.3)(4900 - 3600) = 845\text{ N/m}^2$. Lift $= 845 \times 20 = 16900\text{ N}$.
Q25 — medium
Terminal velocity of a spherical body of density $\rho$ falling in a fluid of density $\sigma$ and viscosity $\eta$ is $v_t$. If the radius of the sphere is doubled while its mass is made 8 times, the terminal velocity becomes:
A. $2 v_t$
B. $4 v_t$ ✓ Correct
C. $8 v_t$
D. $v_t$
Solution: Terminal speed $v_t \propto r^2$. Doubling radius: $v_t' = (2)^2 v_t = 4v_t$.
Q26 — medium
For an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic process, the bulk modulus of elasticity is equal to:
A. $P$
B. $\gamma P$ ✓ Correct
C. $P / \gamma$
D. Zero
Solution: Adiabatic: $PV^\gamma = \text{const}$. Differentiating gives bulk modulus $K_s = -V(dP/dV) = \gamma P$.
Q27 — medium
A refrigerator absorbs $2000\text{ J}$ of heat from the cold reservoir per cycle and delivers $2500\text{ J}$ to the surrounding room. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator is:
A. $4.0$ ✓ Correct
B. $5.0$
C. $0.8$
D. $1.25$
Solution: $\text{COP} = Q_C / W = Q_C / (Q_H - Q_C) = 2000 / (2500 - 2000) = 2000/500 = 4.0$.
Q28 — medium
A particle executing linear S.H.M. has velocities $v_1 = 4\text{ m/s}$ and $v_2 = 3\text{ m/s}$ at displacements $x_1 = 3\text{ cm}$ and $x_2 = 4\text{ cm}$ respectively. The amplitude of oscillation is:
A. $5\text{ cm}$ ✓ Correct
B. $7\text{ cm}$
C. $2.5\text{ cm}$
D. $1\text{ cm}$
Solution: $v^2 = \omega^2(A^2 - x^2)$. From the ratio: $16/9 = (A^2 - 9)/(A^2 - 16) \implies 7A^2 = 175 \implies A = 5\text{ cm}$.
Q29 — medium
A simple pendulum suspended from the ceiling of a lift has time period $T$. When the lift accelerates upward with acceleration $a = g/3$, the new time period becomes:
A. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}T$ ✓ Correct
B. $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}T$
C. $\frac{3}{4}T$
D. $\frac{4}{3}T$
Solution: $g_{\text{eff}} = g + g/3 = 4g/3$. $T' = 2\pi\sqrt{l/g_{\text{eff}}} = \sqrt{3/4}\,T = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}T$.
Q30 — medium
Two polaroids $P_1$ and $P_2$ have transmission axes crossed at $90^\circ$. A third polaroid $P_3$ is placed between them with its axis oriented at $45^\circ$ to $P_1$. If unpolarized light of intensity $I_0$ is incident on $P_1$, transmitted intensity after $P_2$ is:
A. $I_0 / 4$
B. $I_0 / 8$ ✓ Correct
C. $I_0 / 16$
D. Zero
Solution: After $P_1$: $I_0/2$. Through $P_3$ at $45^\circ$: $I_0/4$. Through $P_2$ (another $45^\circ$): $I_0/8$.