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Anatomy of Flowering Plants — NEET Biology MCQs with Solutions
Free NEET Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants MCQs with step-by-step solutions covering The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent), The Tissue Systems, Anatomy of Roots, Anatomy of Stems, Anatomy of Leaves. Practise online on Prepizo — no login needed.
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) · easy · theory
The meristem responsible for increase in the LENGTH of the plant, present at root and shoot tips, is the:
A. Cork cambium
B. Lateral meristem
C. Intercalary meristem
D. Apical meristem ✓ Correct
Solution: Apical meristems at tips cause primary growth (elongation); lateral meristems cause girth (secondary) growth.
Q2 — The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) · easy · theory
A simple permanent tissue with living, thin-walled cells that stores food and performs photosynthesis is:
A. Collenchyma
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Parenchyma ✓ Correct
D. Xylem
Solution: Parenchyma is the basic living tissue; collenchyma gives flexible support and sclerenchyma rigid support.
Q3 — The Tissue Systems · easy · theory
The epidermal tissue system includes the epidermis, stomata and:
A. Epidermal appendages (trichomes and root hairs) ✓ Correct
B. Vascular bundles
C. Pith
D. Cambium
Solution: The epidermal system covers the plant and includes stomata and appendages (root hairs, trichomes).
Q4 — The Tissue Systems · easy · theory
Stomata are guarded by two ______ that regulate transpiration and gas exchange:
A. Cortex cells
B. Guard cells ✓ Correct
C. Companion cells
D. Subsidiary cells only
Solution: Guard cells (bean-shaped in dicots, dumbbell in grasses) open/close the stomatal pore.
Q5 — Anatomy of Roots · easy · theory
The number of xylem bundles ("arches") helps identify roots. A dicot root is typically:
A. Without xylem
B. Tetrarch to hexarch (2–6 xylem bundles) ✓ Correct
C. Polyarch (many)
D. Monarch always
Solution: Dicot roots have limited (2–6) xylem bundles; monocot roots are polyarch (many, often >6).
Q6 — Anatomy of Roots · easy · theory
The innermost layer of the cortex with a Casparian strip, regulating water entry to the stele, is the:
A. Endodermis ✓ Correct
B. Epidermis
C. Pith
D. Pericycle
Solution: The endodermis with Casparian strips controls the radial flow of water into the vascular cylinder.
Q7 — Anatomy of Stems · easy · theory
In a dicot stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ______, whereas in a monocot stem they are ______:
A. Scattered; ring
B. Radial; radial
C. Single; single
D. Ring; scattered ✓ Correct
Solution: Dicot stem bundles form a ring; monocot stem bundles are scattered in the ground tissue.
Q8 — Anatomy of Stems · easy · theory
Vascular bundles of a dicot stem are ______ (contain cambium and can grow), while those of a monocot stem are ______:
A. Concentric; radial
B. Open; closed ✓ Correct
C. Closed; open
D. Radial; conjoint
Solution: Dicot bundles are "open" (with cambium → secondary growth); monocot bundles are "closed" (no cambium).
Q9 — Anatomy of Leaves · easy · theory
A dorsiventral (dicot) leaf has its mesophyll differentiated into:
A. Palisade parenchyma (upper) and spongy parenchyma (lower) ✓ Correct
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Only spongy parenchyma
D. Only palisade parenchyma
Solution: Dorsiventral leaves have an upper palisade and lower spongy mesophyll; isobilateral leaves have undifferentiated mesophyll.
Q10 — Anatomy of Leaves · easy · theory
The chloroplast-rich, elongated cells packed just below the upper epidermis of a dicot leaf are the:
A. Spongy parenchyma
B. Guard cells
C. Bundle sheath
D. Palisade parenchyma ✓ Correct
Solution: Palisade cells are the main photosynthetic tissue, densely packed with chloroplasts near the upper surface.
Q11 — The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) · hard · theory
The intercalary meristem, present at the base of internodes/leaves in grasses, is a leftover of the:
A. Vascular cambium
B. Cork cambium
C. Apical meristem ✓ Correct
D. Ground tissue
Solution: Intercalary meristem is derived from apical meristem and allows regrowth after grazing/mowing in grasses.
Q12 — The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) · hard · theory
In the phloem of angiosperms, the living enucleate conducting cells are supported by adjacent ______ that control their activity:
A. Fibres — parenchyma
B. Sieve tube — companion cells ✓ Correct
C. Cork cells — cambium
D. Tracheids — vessels
Solution: Mature sieve tube elements lack a nucleus; their metabolism is regulated by the neighbouring companion cells.
Q13 — The Tissue Systems · hard · theory
In roots, the xylem and phloem are arranged on ______ radii, making the bundle:
A. Different (alternate); radial ✓ Correct
B. Same; bicollateral
C. Concentric; amphivasal
D. The same; collateral
Solution: Root vascular bundles are radial — xylem and phloem lie on alternate radii, a key root-identifying feature.
Q14 — The Tissue Systems · hard · theory
A concentric vascular bundle in which phloem surrounds a central xylem is termed:
A. Amphicribral (leptocentric) ✓ Correct
B. Amphivasal (hadrocentric)
C. Radial
D. Collateral
Solution: Amphicribral = phloem around xylem (ferns); amphivasal = xylem around phloem (some monocots like Dracaena).
Q15 — Anatomy of Roots · hard · theory
In a dicot root, the xylem is ______ (protoxylem toward periphery), which is described as:
A. Centrarch
B. Endarch
C. Exarch ✓ Correct
D. Mesarch
Solution: Roots have exarch xylem (protoxylem outer, metaxylem inner); stems have endarch xylem — a key distinction.
Q16 — Anatomy of Roots · hard · theory
Which anatomical feature is COMMON to both dicot and monocot roots?
A. Endarch xylem
B. Vascular cambium producing secondary xylem
C. Conjoint collateral bundles
D. Radial vascular bundles with exarch xylem and an endodermis with Casparian strips ✓ Correct
Solution: Both root types share radial, exarch bundles and a Casparian-stripped endodermis; they differ in xylem number, pith and secondary growth.
Q17 — Anatomy of Stems · hard · theory
The presence of a "lysigenous cavity" (water-containing cavity) within the vascular bundle is characteristic of:
A. Dicot stems
B. Dicot roots
C. Isobilateral leaves
D. Monocot stems (e.g. maize) ✓ Correct
Solution: In monocot stems the protoxylem often has a lysigenous water cavity — a diagnostic feature (e.g. maize).
Q18 — Anatomy of Stems · hard · theory
Secondary growth (increase in girth via vascular and cork cambium) generally occurs in ______ but NOT in typical ______:
A. All monocots; all dicots
B. Dicot stems/roots; monocot stems ✓ Correct
C. Monocot stems; dicot roots
D. Leaves; roots
Solution: Dicots (open bundles) undergo secondary growth; typical monocots lack a vascular cambium and do not.
Q19 — Anatomy of Leaves · hard · theory
In C4 plants (e.g. maize), the leaf shows Kranz anatomy, in which the bundle sheath cells are:
A. Large, thick-walled, chloroplast-rich, arranged in a wreath around the vascular bundle ✓ Correct
B. Photosynthetically inactive
C. Devoid of chloroplasts
D. Absent
Solution: Kranz ("wreath") anatomy features prominent, chloroplast-rich bundle sheath cells that concentrate CO₂ for the Calvin cycle.
Q20 — Anatomy of Leaves · hard · theory
Which feature is used to distinguish a leaf transverse section from a young stem section?
A. Presence of a pith
B. Presence of mesophyll with chloroplasts and stomata-bearing epidermis on the (dorsiventral) leaf ✓ Correct
C. Endodermis with Casparian strip
D. Radial vascular bundles
Solution: Leaves show mesophyll (palisade/spongy), abundant chloroplasts and stomata; the bundles are collateral with xylem toward the upper (adaxial) side.
Q21 — The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) · medium · theory
Collenchyma provides mechanical support to growing parts and is recognised by:
A. Cells with cellulose thickening at the corners ✓ Correct
B. Sieve plates
C. Uniformly thick lignified walls
D. Dead empty cells
Solution: Collenchyma cells are living with cellulose/pectin thickening at corners; sclerenchyma is dead with lignified walls.
Q22 — The Tissues (Meristematic & Permanent) · medium · theory
Which complex tissue conducts water and minerals and consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma?
A. Xylem ✓ Correct
B. Phloem
C. Epidermis
D. Collenchyma
Solution: Xylem conducts water upward; phloem (sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, fibres) conducts food.
Q23 — The Tissue Systems · medium · theory
The ground tissue system comprises all tissues EXCEPT the:
A. Cortex
B. Pith
C. Mesophyll
D. Epidermal and vascular tissues ✓ Correct
Solution: Ground tissue = everything except epidermis and vascular bundles: cortex, pericycle, pith, mesophyll etc.
Q24 — The Tissue Systems · medium · theory
In a vascular bundle where xylem and phloem lie on the same radius with phloem outside xylem, the bundle is:
A. Bicollateral only
B. Conjoint and collateral ✓ Correct
C. Radial
D. Concentric
Solution: Conjoint collateral bundles (xylem inside, phloem outside) are typical of stems; radial bundles (alternate) occur in roots.
Q25 — Anatomy of Roots · medium · theory
Lateral roots and, in dicots, the vascular cambium arise from the:
A. Cortex
B. Pericycle ✓ Correct
C. Endodermis
D. Pith
Solution: The pericycle (just inside the endodermis) gives rise to lateral roots and part of the vascular cambium.
Q26 — Anatomy of Roots · medium · theory
A monocot root differs from a dicot root in having:
A. Tetrarch xylem and no pith
B. Xylem in a ring
C. Cambium producing wood
D. Polyarch xylem and a large, well-developed pith; no secondary growth ✓ Correct
Solution: Monocot roots are polyarch with a large pith and (usually) no secondary growth; dicot roots have few xylem bundles and little/no pith.
Q27 — Anatomy of Stems · medium · theory
In a monocot stem, each vascular bundle is surrounded by a sheath of ______:
A. Cork
B. Parenchyma only
C. Endodermis
D. Sclerenchyma (bundle sheath) ✓ Correct
Solution: Monocot bundles are enclosed by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath and are conjoint, collateral and closed.
Q28 — Anatomy of Stems · medium · theory
The xylem in a dicot stem is ______, with the protoxylem toward the centre:
A. Endarch ✓ Correct
B. Exarch
C. Mesarch
D. Centrarch
Solution: Stems have endarch xylem (protoxylem toward the pith), the reverse of roots.
Q29 — Anatomy of Leaves · medium · theory
An isobilateral (monocot) leaf differs from a dorsiventral leaf in that:
A. Stomata are equally distributed on both surfaces and mesophyll is not differentiated ✓ Correct
B. It has no stomata
C. It has scattered bundles like a stem
D. Palisade is only on the lower side
Solution: Isobilateral leaves have similar surfaces, stomata on both, and undifferentiated mesophyll; grasses also have bulliform cells.
Q30 — Anatomy of Leaves · medium · theory
The large, empty, thin-walled cells in a grass leaf epidermis that help in rolling/unrolling the leaf are:
A. Palisade cells
B. Companion cells
C. Guard cells
D. Bulliform cells ✓ Correct
Solution: Bulliform (motor) cells lose turgor in drought, rolling the leaf to reduce water loss.