Cell Organelles — NEET Biology MCQs with Solutions
Free NEET Biology Cell Organelles MCQs with step-by-step solutions (10 questions). Part of Cell: The Unit of Life. Practise online on Prepizo — no login needed.
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Questions with solutions
Q1 — Cell Organelles · medium · theory
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondrion ✓ Correct
D. Golgi apparatus
Solution: Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, earning the nickname "powerhouse of the cell".
Q2 — Cell Organelles · medium · theory
The plasma membrane is mainly composed of:
A. Proteins and carbohydrates
B. Lipids and proteins ✓ Correct
C. Carbohydrates and lipids
D. Only lipids
Solution: The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Q3 — Cell Organelles · easy · numerical
Which set contains ONLY organelles that are NOT bounded by any membrane?
A. Nucleolus, Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
B. Ribosomes, centrioles and nucleolus ✓ Correct
C. Ribosomes, lysosomes and centrioles
D. Centrioles, mitochondria and ribosomes
Solution: Ribosomes, centrioles and the nucleolus lack a limiting membrane. Lysosomes, Golgi and mitochondria are all membrane-bound, so the other sets are wrong.
Q4 — Cell Organelles · easy · numerical
A student lists organelles that possess a single (unit) membrane. Which one does NOT belong on that list?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi cisterna
C. Lysosome
D. Mitochondrion ✓ Correct
Solution: Mitochondria have a double membrane, whereas lysosomes, Golgi cisternae and the ER are each bounded by a single membrane.
Q5 — Cell Organelles · medium · numerical
The fluid-mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson (1972) describes the plasma membrane as:
A. A rigid protein sheet sandwiched between two static lipid layers
B. A lipid bilayer in which proteins float, allowing quasi-fluid lateral movement of lipids ✓ Correct
C. A single layer of phospholipids coated on both sides by cholesterol
D. A continuous protein tube with lipids only at the pores
Solution: The fluid-mosaic model shows proteins (integral and peripheral) embedded in a fluid lipid bilayer; the quasi-fluid nature permits lateral movement within the bilayer.
Q6 — Cell Organelles · medium · numerical
Match the organelle with its function: (i) Golgi (ii) Lysosome (iii) SER (iv) RER — (p) intracellular digestion (q) lipid synthesis (r) packaging & modification (s) protein synthesis/transport.
A. (i)-r, (ii)-p, (iii)-q, (iv)-s ✓ Correct
B. (i)-p, (ii)-r, (iii)-s, (iv)-q
C. (i)-s, (ii)-q, (iii)-p, (iv)-r
D. (i)-q, (ii)-s, (iii)-r, (iv)-p
Solution: Golgi packages and modifies, lysosomes carry out intracellular digestion, SER synthesises lipids, and RER (with ribosomes) makes and transports proteins.
Q7 — Cell Organelles · medium · numerical
Which statement about the comparison between a plant cell and an animal cell is INCORRECT?
A. Centrioles are typically present in higher plant cells but absent in animal cells ✓ Correct
B. A cellulosic cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells
C. Plastids are found in plant cells but not in animal cells
D. A large central vacuole is usually present in plant cells
Solution: The reverse is true: centrioles are usually absent in higher plant cells and present in animal cells. The other three features correctly describe plant cells.
Q8 — Cell Organelles · medium · numerical
The measured plasma membrane of a human red blood cell contains about 52% protein and 40% lipids. This chemical composition, along with the varying protein content across membranes, mainly reflects that:
A. Carbohydrates form the bulk of every plasma membrane
B. The more metabolically active or transport-heavy a membrane, the higher its protein proportion ✓ Correct
C. Membrane lipids are synthesised by ribosomes on the membrane surface
D. Proteins always outnumber lipids by mass in every cell membrane
Solution: Protein-to-lipid ratio varies with membrane function; membranes handling more transport/enzymatic work (like the inner mitochondrial membrane) are richer in protein. Lipids are not made by ribosomes.
Q9 — Cell Organelles · medium · numerical
Facilitated diffusion and active transport across the membrane differ in that:
A. Both move solutes only down their concentration gradient
B. Facilitated diffusion needs ATP whereas active transport does not
C. Facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins but active transport does not
D. Active transport can move solutes against a concentration gradient using ATP, while facilitated diffusion cannot ✓ Correct
Solution: Active transport is uphill (against the gradient) and energy-dependent (ATP), while facilitated diffusion is passive, carrier-mediated and only moves substances down the gradient.
Q10 — Cell Organelles · easy · numerical
Osmosis of water and diffusion of neutral gases like O₂ and CO₂ across the plasma membrane are examples of:
A. Active transport requiring ATP hydrolysis
B. Passive transport requiring no expenditure of energy ✓ Correct
C. Facilitated transport requiring specific carrier proteins
D. Endocytosis mediated by clathrin-coated pits
Solution: Movement of water (osmosis) and small non-polar gases occurs down their gradients without energy input, so it is passive transport.