Question 1

The freely movable joints that allow maximum movement (e.g. at the shoulder and knee) are:

Accepted Answer

Synovial joints. Synovial joints (with a fluid-filled cavity) allow considerable movement, as at the limbs.

Question 2

The ball-and-socket joint is found at the:

Accepted Answer

Shoulder (and hip). Ball-and-socket joints (shoulder, hip) permit movement in all planes/rotation.

Question 3

The autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the joints (causing inflammation) is:

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune joint inflammation; osteoporosis is bone loss, gout is uric acid crystal deposition.

Question 4

The hinge joint, which allows movement in only one plane (e.g. bending), is found at the:

Accepted Answer

Elbow and knee. Hinge joints (elbow, knee) allow movement in a single plane like a door hinge.

Question 5

Osteoporosis, common in older people (especially post-menopausal women), is characterised by:

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass and mineral density due to reduced oestrogen. Osteoporosis is age/oestrogen-related loss of bone mass and density, raising fracture risk.

Question 6

Gout is a joint disorder caused by the inflammation due to the accumulation of ______ crystals in the joints:

Accepted Answer

Uric acid. Gout results from deposition of uric acid (urate) crystals in the joints, causing painful inflammation.

Question 7

Joints are broadly classified on the basis of their structure and mobility into which three types?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints. Structurally, joints are grouped as fibrous (largely immovable, e.g. skull sutures), cartilaginous (limited movement, e.g. between vertebrae) and synovial (freely movable, e.g. limb joints).

Question 8

The type of synovial joint present between the atlas and axis vertebrae, allowing rotation of the head, is a:

Accepted Answer

Pivot joint. The atlas–axis articulation is a pivot joint that permits rotational movement, enabling the head to turn from side to side.

Question 9

Osteoporosis, a common age-related disorder, is characterised by:

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone mass and mineral density, increasing fracture risk. Osteoporosis involves reduced bone mass and mineral (calcium) density — often linked to a fall in oestrogen after menopause — making bones fragile and prone to fractures.

Question 10

The joint found between the carpal and metacarpal of the thumb, allowing movement in two planes, is a:

Accepted Answer

Saddle joint. The carpal–metacarpal joint of the thumb is a saddle joint, which permits movement in two planes and gives the thumb its opposable, versatile mobility.

Question 11

Match the disorder with its cause: (i) Myasthenia gravis (ii) Gout (iii) Tetany — (p) accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints (q) autoimmune blocking of the neuromuscular junction (r) low blood calcium causing rapid muscle spasms. Choose the correct combination.

Accepted Answer

(i)-q, (ii)-p, (iii)-r. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction; gout results from uric acid crystal deposition in joints; and tetany is caused by low blood calcium, producing rapid muscle spasms.

Question 12

Assertion (A): In myasthenia gravis the affected person experiences progressive muscle weakness and fatigue. Reason (R): Autoantibodies impair the transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction. Choose the correct option.

Accepted Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies block impulse transmission at the neuromuscular junction, so muscles fail to be stimulated properly and become weak and fatigued; R correctly explains A.

Question 13

A progressive, genetically inherited disorder marked by degeneration of skeletal muscle is:

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of inherited disorders causing progressive degeneration and weakening of skeletal muscles. Arthritis, gout and osteoporosis affect joints or bones, not primarily the muscle fibres genetically.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about arthritis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the inflammation of joints causing pain and restricted movement. Arthritis is inflammation of the joints, producing pain, swelling and reduced mobility. Calcium loss describes osteoporosis, lactic acid build-up causes fatigue, and muscle degeneration is muscular dystrophy.

Question 15

The hip joint and the shoulder joint both belong to which class of synovial joint, permitting movement in all planes?

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint. Both the hip and shoulder are ball-and-socket joints, in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a cup-shaped socket, allowing rotational and multi-plane movement.

Question 16

Which pairing of joint type with an example is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Gliding joint — between the humerus and ulna at the elbow. The elbow (humerus–ulna) is a hinge joint, not a gliding joint. Gliding joints occur between the carpals; the other listed pairings — pivot at atlas–axis and fibrous skull sutures — are correct.

Question 17

Ball and socket joint is found between

Accepted Answer

Shoulders (humerus and pectoral girdle). The shoulder (and hip) is a ball-and-socket joint allowing movement in all planes.

Question 18

Elbow joint is an example of

Accepted Answer

Hinge joint. The elbow is a hinge joint, allowing movement in one plane (flexion/extension).

Question 19

The joints which allow considerable movements and therefore play a significant role in locomotion are

Accepted Answer

Synovial joints. Synovial joints are freely movable and enable locomotion.

Question 20

Which joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones?

Accepted Answer

Synovial joints. Synovial joints have a fluid-filled synovial cavity between articulating bones.

Joints & Disorders — NEET Biology MCQs with Solutions

Questions with solutions