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Morphology of Flowering Plants — NEET Biology MCQs with Solutions
Free NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQs with step-by-step solutions covering The Root, The Stem, The Leaf, The Inflorescence, The Flower, The Fruit. Practise online on Prepizo — no login needed.
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — The Root · easy · theory
The region of the root that bears delicate thread-like root hairs (for absorption) is the:
A. Region of elongation
B. Root cap
C. Region of maturation ✓ Correct
D. Region of meristematic activity
Solution: Root hairs, which absorb water and minerals, arise in the region of maturation (differentiation).
Q2 — The Root · easy · theory
Tap roots develop from the ______, characteristic of dicots:
A. Hypocotyl
B. Plumule
C. Coleorhiza
D. Radicle ✓ Correct
Solution: The primary (tap) root arises from the radicle and gives lateral roots; monocots have fibrous roots.
Q3 — The Stem · easy · theory
The stem is distinguished from the root by bearing:
A. Root hairs and a root cap
B. Pneumatophores
C. Only a radicle
D. Nodes, internodes, and buds ✓ Correct
Solution: Stems bear nodes, internodes, leaves and buds, and generally grow away from gravity (negatively geotropic).
Q4 — The Stem · easy · theory
An underground stem modified for food storage, as in potato, is a:
A. Corm
B. Bulb
C. Rhizome
D. Tuber ✓ Correct
Solution: The potato is a stem tuber (with "eyes"/axillary buds); ginger is a rhizome, onion a bulb, colocasia a corm.
Q5 — The Leaf · easy · theory
In monocots such as grasses, the venation of the leaf is typically:
A. Parallel ✓ Correct
B. Reticulate
C. Furcate
D. Absent
Solution: Monocots show parallel venation; dicots usually show reticulate venation.
Q6 — The Leaf · easy · theory
The arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch is called:
A. Venation
B. Phyllotaxy ✓ Correct
C. Aestivation
D. Vernation
Solution: Phyllotaxy may be alternate, opposite or whorled.
Q7 — The Inflorescence · easy · theory
An inflorescence in which the main axis continues to grow and flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession is:
A. Cymose
B. Solitary
C. Racemose ✓ Correct
D. Cyathium
Solution: In racemose inflorescence the main axis keeps growing and older flowers are at the base (acropetal).
Q8 — The Inflorescence · easy · theory
In a cymose inflorescence, the main axis:
A. Grows indefinitely
B. Never bears flowers
C. Bears flowers in acropetal order
D. Terminates in a flower and has limited growth ✓ Correct
Solution: In cymose inflorescence the main axis ends in a flower (basipetal order); growth is limited.
Q9 — The Flower · easy · theory
A flower that can be divided into two equal halves by only ONE plane is:
A. Zygomorphic ✓ Correct
B. Trimerous
C. Actinomorphic
D. Asymmetric
Solution: Zygomorphic (e.g. pea, Cassia) = bilateral; actinomorphic (e.g. mustard, Datura) = radial.
Q10 — The Flower · easy · theory
The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is called:
A. Placentation ✓ Correct
B. Vernation
C. Aestivation
D. Phyllotaxy
Solution: Placentation types: marginal, axile, parietal, basal, free-central, superficial.
Q11 — The Fruit · easy · theory
A true fruit develops from the ______ after fertilisation:
A. Whole flower
B. Ovary ✓ Correct
C. Thalamus only
D. Ovule
Solution: A fruit is the matured ovary; it usually has a pericarp (fruit wall) and seeds.
Q12 — The Fruit · easy · theory
A fruit that develops WITHOUT fertilisation (seedless, e.g. banana) is:
A. A pome
B. Parthenocarpic ✓ Correct
C. A false fruit
D. A drupe
Solution: Parthenocarpic fruits (e.g. banana) form without fertilisation and are seedless.
Q13 — The Seed · easy · theory
The scar left on the seed coat at the point of attachment to the fruit is the:
A. Radicle
B. Hilum ✓ Correct
C. Plumule
D. Micropyle
Solution: The hilum marks the attachment; the micropyle is a small pore above it through which water enters.
Q14 — The Seed · easy · theory
In a dicot seed like gram (pea), the two fleshy structures storing food are the:
A. Scutellum
B. Endosperm
C. Aleurone layer
D. Cotyledons ✓ Correct
Solution: In non-endospermic dicots the cotyledons store food; the embryo axis bears the radicle and plumule.
Q15 — Semi-Technical Description & Floral Formula · easy · theory
In a floral diagram/formula, the symbol "⊕" represents a flower that is:
A. Unisexual male
B. Actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) ✓ Correct
C. Bisexual only
D. Zygomorphic
Solution: ⊕ denotes actinomorphic symmetry; % (or a curved arrow) denotes zygomorphic.
Q16 — Semi-Technical Description & Floral Formula · easy · theory
In a floral formula, the symbol "K" stands for the:
A. Gynoecium
B. Androecium
C. Corolla
D. Calyx (sepals) ✓ Correct
Solution: K = calyx, C = corolla, A = androecium, G = gynoecium; P = perianth (when calyx and corolla are alike).
Q17 — Plant Families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae) · easy · theory
The Fabaceae (pea family) is characterised by a fruit that is a ______ and ______ aestivation:
A. Capsule; twisted
B. Berry; valvate
C. Drupe; imbricate
D. Legume; vexillary ✓ Correct
Solution: Fabaceae (papilionoideae) have a legume/pod and vexillary (papilionaceous) corolla aestivation.
Q18 — Plant Families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae) · easy · theory
Onion, garlic and lily belong to which monocot family?
A. Liliaceae ✓ Correct
B. Solanaceae
C. Fabaceae
D. Poaceae
Solution: Liliaceae is a monocot family; its flowers are trimerous with a perianth of six tepals.
Q19 — The Root · easy · numerical
A radish plant swells at its base to store food, and this swollen structure develops from a primary root. To which category of storage root does the radish belong?
A. Napiform tap root
B. Conical tap root
C. Fusiform tap root ✓ Correct
D. Nodulose adventitious root
Solution: Radish is a fusiform root — swollen in the middle and tapering at both ends. Carrot is conical (broad at top), turnip is napiform (spherical).
Q20 — The Root · easy · numerical
In a maize plant, roots arising from the lower nodes of the stem enter the soil and give extra mechanical support. What are such roots correctly called?
A. Stilt roots ✓ Correct
B. Pneumatophores
C. Fibrous roots
D. Prop roots
Solution: Roots from the basal nodes that arch down for support in maize and sugarcane are stilt roots. Prop roots hang from branches (banyan); both are supporting adventitious roots but arise differently.
Q21 — The Root · easy · numerical
A monocot seedling germinates and its primary root soon dies, being replaced by a cluster of roots arising from the base of the stem. This root system is:
A. Tap root system
B. Storage tap root system
C. Fibrous root system ✓ Correct
D. Pneumatophore system
Solution: In monocots the short-lived primary root is replaced by many roots from the stem base, forming a fibrous root system, characteristic of wheat and grasses.
Q22 — The Stem · easy · numerical
Ginger and turmeric are underground horizontal stems that store food and bear nodes, internodes, scale leaves and axillary buds. This modification is a:
A. Rhizome ✓ Correct
B. Corm
C. Bulb
D. Tuber
Solution: Ginger and turmeric are rhizomes — horizontal underground stems with distinct nodes, internodes and scale leaves. A corm is vertical and rounded; a tuber (potato) lacks scale leaves at each node.
Q23 — The Stem · easy · numerical
A grape vine climbs a support using slender, coiled, thread-like structures that arise from axillary buds. These stem tendrils help the plant in:
A. Food storage
B. Vegetative propagation
C. Climbing ✓ Correct
D. Protection
Solution: Stem tendrils, as in grapevine and cucumber, develop from axillary buds and coil around supports, enabling weak-stemmed plants to climb.
Q24 — The Stem · easy · numerical
The "eyes" of a potato that sprout into new shoots are structurally equivalent to:
A. Aerial flower buds that failed to open
B. Nodes bearing axillary buds subtended by scale leaves ✓ Correct
C. Root hairs modified for storage
D. Adventitious roots emerging from internodes
Solution: The potato is a stem tuber; each "eye" is a node with an axillary bud in the axil of a scale leaf. These buds prove the tuber is a stem, not a root.
Q25 — The Leaf · easy · numerical
In the leaf of Alstonia, several leaves arise at a single node forming a ring around the stem. This type of phyllotaxy is:
A. Alternate
B. Whorled ✓ Correct
C. Decussate
D. Opposite
Solution: When more than two leaves arise in a circle at one node, the phyllotaxy is whorled, as in Alstonia. Alternate has one leaf per node, opposite has two.
Q26 — The Leaf · easy · numerical
A leaf blade is completely divided so that the incisions reach right down to the midrib, producing several distinct leaflets arranged along a common axis. Such a leaf is:
A. A palmately compound leaf
B. A simple leaf with pinnate venation
C. A simple leaf with deep lobes
D. A pinnately compound leaf ✓ Correct
Solution: When incisions reach the midrib (rachis) and leaflets are borne along it, the leaf is pinnately compound (e.g. neem). A simple leaf is never divided down to the midrib, however deep the lobes.
Q27 — The Inflorescence · easy · numerical
In a racemose inflorescence, the arrangement of flowers is such that:
A. All flowers arise at the same level from a common point at the tip
B. The main axis keeps growing and the oldest flowers are at the base with youngest near the tip ✓ Correct
C. The main axis ends in a flower and the oldest flower is at the top
D. The youngest flowers are always at the base of the axis
Solution: In a racemose inflorescence the main axis has unlimited growth and bears flowers in acropetal succession — old at the base, young at the apex.
Q28 — The Inflorescence · easy · numerical
In a cymose inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, so its growth is:
A. Always spiral
B. Unlimited (indefinite)
C. Always acropetal
D. Limited (definite) ✓ Correct
Solution: A cymose inflorescence has limited (definite) growth because the tip of the main axis is used up in forming a terminal flower; further flowers arise laterally in basipetal order.
Q29 — The Flower · easy · numerical
A flower of Canna cannot be divided into two similar halves by any vertical plane passing through the centre. Such a flower is:
A. Bisexual
B. Actinomorphic
C. Asymmetric ✓ Correct
D. Zygomorphic
Solution: When no plane can divide a flower into two equal halves, it is asymmetric (irregular), as in Canna. Actinomorphic flowers divide by any radial plane; zygomorphic ones by only one plane.
Q30 — The Flower · easy · numerical
A flower in which the gynoecium is present but stamens are absent is best described as:
A. Staminate and unisexual
B. Pistillate (female) and unisexual ✓ Correct
C. Neuter
D. Bisexual
Solution: A flower with only carpels (no stamens) is a pistillate, unisexual flower. A staminate flower has only stamens; a bisexual flower has both.