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Morphology of Flowering Plants — NEET Biology MCQs with Solutions
Free NEET Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants MCQs with step-by-step solutions covering The Root, The Stem, The Leaf, The Inflorescence, The Flower, The Fruit. Practise online on Prepizo — no login needed.
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Sample questions with solutions
Q1 — The Root · easy · theory
The region of the root that bears delicate thread-like root hairs (for absorption) is the:
A. Region of elongation
B. Root cap
C. Region of maturation ✓ Correct
D. Region of meristematic activity
Solution: Root hairs, which absorb water and minerals, arise in the region of maturation (differentiation).
Q2 — The Root · easy · theory
Tap roots develop from the ______, characteristic of dicots:
A. Hypocotyl
B. Plumule
C. Coleorhiza
D. Radicle ✓ Correct
Solution: The primary (tap) root arises from the radicle and gives lateral roots; monocots have fibrous roots.
Q3 — The Stem · easy · theory
The stem is distinguished from the root by bearing:
A. Root hairs and a root cap
B. Pneumatophores
C. Only a radicle
D. Nodes, internodes, and buds ✓ Correct
Solution: Stems bear nodes, internodes, leaves and buds, and generally grow away from gravity (negatively geotropic).
Q4 — The Stem · easy · theory
An underground stem modified for food storage, as in potato, is a:
A. Corm
B. Bulb
C. Rhizome
D. Tuber ✓ Correct
Solution: The potato is a stem tuber (with "eyes"/axillary buds); ginger is a rhizome, onion a bulb, colocasia a corm.
Q5 — The Leaf · easy · theory
In monocots such as grasses, the venation of the leaf is typically:
A. Parallel ✓ Correct
B. Reticulate
C. Furcate
D. Absent
Solution: Monocots show parallel venation; dicots usually show reticulate venation.
Q6 — The Leaf · easy · theory
The arrangement of leaves on a stem or branch is called:
A. Venation
B. Phyllotaxy ✓ Correct
C. Aestivation
D. Vernation
Solution: Phyllotaxy may be alternate, opposite or whorled.
Q7 — The Inflorescence · easy · theory
An inflorescence in which the main axis continues to grow and flowers are borne laterally in acropetal succession is:
A. Cymose
B. Solitary
C. Racemose ✓ Correct
D. Cyathium
Solution: In racemose inflorescence the main axis keeps growing and older flowers are at the base (acropetal).
Q8 — The Inflorescence · easy · theory
In a cymose inflorescence, the main axis:
A. Grows indefinitely
B. Never bears flowers
C. Bears flowers in acropetal order
D. Terminates in a flower and has limited growth ✓ Correct
Solution: In cymose inflorescence the main axis ends in a flower (basipetal order); growth is limited.
Q9 — The Flower · easy · theory
A flower that can be divided into two equal halves by only ONE plane is:
A. Zygomorphic ✓ Correct
B. Trimerous
C. Actinomorphic
D. Asymmetric
Solution: Zygomorphic (e.g. pea, Cassia) = bilateral; actinomorphic (e.g. mustard, Datura) = radial.
Q10 — The Flower · easy · theory
The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is called:
A. Placentation ✓ Correct
B. Vernation
C. Aestivation
D. Phyllotaxy
Solution: Placentation types: marginal, axile, parietal, basal, free-central, superficial.
Q11 — The Fruit · easy · theory
A true fruit develops from the ______ after fertilisation:
A. Whole flower
B. Ovary ✓ Correct
C. Thalamus only
D. Ovule
Solution: A fruit is the matured ovary; it usually has a pericarp (fruit wall) and seeds.
Q12 — The Fruit · easy · theory
A fruit that develops WITHOUT fertilisation (seedless, e.g. banana) is:
A. A pome
B. Parthenocarpic ✓ Correct
C. A false fruit
D. A drupe
Solution: Parthenocarpic fruits (e.g. banana) form without fertilisation and are seedless.
Q13 — The Seed · easy · theory
The scar left on the seed coat at the point of attachment to the fruit is the:
A. Radicle
B. Hilum ✓ Correct
C. Plumule
D. Micropyle
Solution: The hilum marks the attachment; the micropyle is a small pore above it through which water enters.
Q14 — The Seed · easy · theory
In a dicot seed like gram (pea), the two fleshy structures storing food are the:
A. Scutellum
B. Endosperm
C. Aleurone layer
D. Cotyledons ✓ Correct
Solution: In non-endospermic dicots the cotyledons store food; the embryo axis bears the radicle and plumule.
Q15 — Semi-Technical Description & Floral Formula · easy · theory
In a floral diagram/formula, the symbol "⊕" represents a flower that is:
A. Unisexual male
B. Actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) ✓ Correct
C. Bisexual only
D. Zygomorphic
Solution: ⊕ denotes actinomorphic symmetry; % (or a curved arrow) denotes zygomorphic.
Q16 — Semi-Technical Description & Floral Formula · easy · theory
In a floral formula, the symbol "K" stands for the:
A. Gynoecium
B. Androecium
C. Corolla
D. Calyx (sepals) ✓ Correct
Solution: K = calyx, C = corolla, A = androecium, G = gynoecium; P = perianth (when calyx and corolla are alike).
Q17 — Plant Families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae) · easy · theory
The Fabaceae (pea family) is characterised by a fruit that is a ______ and ______ aestivation:
A. Capsule; twisted
B. Berry; valvate
C. Drupe; imbricate
D. Legume; vexillary ✓ Correct
Solution: Fabaceae (papilionoideae) have a legume/pod and vexillary (papilionaceous) corolla aestivation.
Q18 — Plant Families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae) · easy · theory
Onion, garlic and lily belong to which monocot family?
A. Liliaceae ✓ Correct
B. Solanaceae
C. Fabaceae
D. Poaceae
Solution: Liliaceae is a monocot family; its flowers are trimerous with a perianth of six tepals.
Q19 — The Root · hard · theory
The root cap, which protects the tender root apex as it pushes through soil, is ABSENT/modified in:
A. All monocots
B. Storage roots
C. Aquatic plants (root pockets) and some parasites ✓ Correct
D. All dicots
Solution: Many aquatic plants have root pockets instead of root caps; the root cap otherwise protects the apical meristem.
Q20 — The Root · hard · theory
Which correctly pairs a storage root with its plant?
A. Fusiform — radish; Conical — carrot; Napiform — turnip ✓ Correct
B. Fusiform — carrot; Conical — radish
C. Napiform — carrot
D. Conical — turnip
Solution: Radish is fusiform, carrot conical, and turnip napiform — classic tap-root storage modifications.
Q21 — The Stem · hard · theory
The phylloclade of Opuntia is a modified stem that is green and flattened to perform photosynthesis because:
A. It stores no water
B. Leaves are reduced to spines to check water loss ✓ Correct
C. Roots are absent
D. It is actually a modified leaf
Solution: In xerophytes like Opuntia, the flattened green stem (phylloclade) photosynthesises while leaves become water-saving spines.
Q22 — The Stem · hard · theory
Runner, stolon, offset and sucker are sub-aerial stem modifications for:
A. Storage of water
B. Support only
C. Vegetative propagation ✓ Correct
D. Respiration
Solution: These sub-aerial stems (e.g. grass runner, mint stolon, water hyacinth offset, chrysanthemum sucker) spread and propagate the plant.
Q23 — The Leaf · hard · theory
The fleshy leaves of onion and garlic are modified for:
A. Photosynthesis only
B. Food and water storage ✓ Correct
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Support
Solution: The scale leaves of onion/garlic bulbs are swollen with stored food; the pitcher of Nepenthes is an insect-trapping leaf modification.
Q24 — The Leaf · hard · theory
Which phyllotaxy is shown by China rose (alternate), Calotropis (opposite) and Alstonia (whorled)? The whorled arrangement means:
A. One leaf per node in alternating fashion
B. More than two leaves arise at a node ✓ Correct
C. Two leaves at each node
D. No leaves at nodes
Solution: Whorled phyllotaxy (Alstonia) has more than two leaves per node; alternate (China rose) one per node; opposite (Calotropis) two per node.
Q25 — The Inflorescence · hard · theory
The specialised cyathium inflorescence (Euphorbia) mimics a single flower and contains:
A. A single male flower
B. Many male flowers (each a single stamen) around one female flower ✓ Correct
C. Ray and disc florets
D. Only bisexual flowers
Solution: The cyathium has a cup-shaped involucre enclosing many reduced male flowers and one central female flower.
Q26 — The Inflorescence · hard · theory
Which correctly distinguishes racemose from cymose inflorescence?
A. Cymose — indefinite axis, acropetal
B. Racemose — main axis ends in a flower
C. Both have unlimited growth
D. Racemose — indefinite main axis, acropetal; Cymose — main axis ends in a flower, basipetal ✓ Correct
Solution: The key distinction is the fate of the main axis and the direction of flower opening.
Q27 — The Flower · hard · theory
A flower with the ovary situated ABOVE the other floral parts (which arise below it) is:
A. Half-inferior
B. Perigynous
C. Epigynous (inferior ovary)
D. Hypogynous (superior ovary) ✓ Correct
Solution: Hypogynous = superior ovary (e.g. mustard, China rose); epigynous = inferior ovary (e.g. guava, cucumber).
Q28 — The Flower · hard · theory
Vexillary (papilionaceous) aestivation, characteristic of the pea flower, has:
A. Valvate sepals
B. No overlap of petals
C. A large standard petal overlapping two wings, which overlap the two keel petals ✓ Correct
D. Five equal twisted petals
Solution: The pea corolla shows vexillary aestivation: standard (vexillum) → wings → keel — a diagnostic Fabaceae feature.
Q29 — The Fruit · hard · theory
In the coconut drupe, the fibrous husk (coir) corresponds to the ______ and the edible white kernel is the ______:
A. Seed coat; cotyledon
B. Epicarp; embryo
C. Endocarp; mesocarp
D. Mesocarp; endosperm ✓ Correct
Solution: The coir is the fibrous mesocarp; the white kernel/water is the endosperm inside the stony endocarp.
Q30 — The Fruit · hard · theory
Which correctly matches fruit type with example?
A. Pome — pea; Legume — apple
B. Legume — pea; Drupe — mango; Pome — apple ✓ Correct
C. Caryopsis — mango
D. Berry — mango; Drupe — apple
Solution: Pea = legume, mango = drupe, apple = pome; a grain (wheat) is a caryopsis, tomato a berry.